Saudi Arabia

Turkey

Pakistan

Military & Security

Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkey signed a mutual defense pact in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the Financial Times reported on Aug. 7.

Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Turkey: Governments Sign Mutual Defense Pact

Politics

Unnamed government sources said Pakistan's army chief Asim Munir was leading a joint military and civilian government crackdown on hard-line Islamist groups to facilitate Pakistan's ties with the West, stem blasphemy-related violence, and respond to worsening insurgencies in northwest and southwest Pakistan, Reuters reported on Aug. 6. 

Pakistan: Army Chief Reportedly Leading State Crackdown on Hard-Line Islamist Groups

Sudan

United Arab Emirates

The Sudanese Armed Forces, or SAF, secured 100 Pakistani-made Mohafiz armored vehicles from the Pakistan Ordnance Factory in July, as well as Pakistani Shahpar drones and spare parts for its K-8 trainer and light-attack aircraft, Sudan Tribune reported on Aug. 6 based on conversations with military sources.

Sudan: SAF Secures Fresh Pakistani Weaponry, Hinting at Saudi Support

Pakistan expanded government control over international media operations through new rules requiring anyone working for a foreign news organization to register with the authorities, obtain official accreditation and secure prior approval before reporting outside Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad, Arab News reported on Aug. 5.

Pakistan: Government Expands Restrictions on Foreign Media Under New Rules

Somalia

Egypt

Yemen

Economics

Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Defense announced the formation of a 14-member military coalition -- including Egypt, Pakistan, Turkey, Somalia and Sudan -- to protect freedom of navigation through the Bab el-Mandeb strait, Red Sea and Gulf of Aden amid ongoing Houthi attacks against Saudi vessels and oil facilities, Al Jazeera reported on July 30.

Saudi Arabia: Defense Ministry Announces Maritime Coalition for Red Sea Shipping

Pakistan's state minister for interior said authorities have bolstered security for the Saindak Copper-Gold Project, Pakistan's largest Chinese-operated copper and gold mine, after Saindak Metals Ltd. expressed concerns with local security conditions in the restive Balochistan province, Reuters reported on July 15.

Pakistan: Authorities Bolster Security for Mining Project Amid Security Concerns

Pakistan presented the fiscal year 2026-27 budget, which proposes spending of 18.7 trillion rupees ($67 billion), Reuters reported on June 12.

Pakistan: Foreign Minister Presents Budget

China

In a joint statement, Pakistan and China announced efforts to deepen bilateral ties and strengthen strategic coordination by promoting the "high-quality development" of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor 2.0, Reuters reported on May 26. 

China, Pakistan: Governments Seek To Upgrade CPEC, Gwadar Port

Assessments

Kuwait

India

People gather around an army air defense system on display at a military exhibition in Islamabad, Pakistan, on Aug. 14, 2025.

While they could unlock economic and strategic gains, Pakistan's new defense pacts with Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait will also increase its military's role in domestic policymaking and Islamabad's exposure to regional conflicts.

The Implications of Pakistan's Growing Defense Ties in the Middle East

View of the river in the mountains of northern Pakistan.

Environment, Science & Technology

Science & Technology

Reduced coordination on river data and forecasting will increase uncertainty in water management, while the potential expansion of Indian upstream infrastructure could portend faster, more unstable crises with Pakistan.

What To Expect if India Starts Halting Indus Water Flows to Pakistan

Iran

Uzbekistan

Tajikistan

Turkmenistan

Kazakhstan

Russia

Afghanistan

Afghan protesters burn a Pakistani flag during a demonstration in Helmand Province in 2016.

Gains from the Afghan Taliban's growing regional ties will be hindered by enduring disputes, logistical constraints, infrastructure security risks, and Pakistan's possible absence from future multilateral engagements.

How the Afghan-Pakistani Conflict Is Redrawing Regional Relations

United States

Israel

South Asia

Bangladesh

Maldives

Nepal

Sri Lanka

A passenger boat sails past the Indian-flagged oil tanker Kashimasan, which is docked near an offloading terminal at Butcher Island (also known as Jawahar Dweep) off the coast of Mumbai, India, on April 1, 2026.

Energy

Energy and fertilizer price shocks from the Iran war will increasingly threaten energy supplies, crop yields and economic growth across the region, pressuring governments' foreign exchange reserves and heightening unrest risks.

In South Asia, Iran War Fallout Risks Worsening Economic and Political Instability

Snapshots

Myanmar

A freight train carrying cargo containers rides along a railway track in Ajmer, India, on Aug. 26, 2025.

Global Trade

New Delhi's decisions to permit specific imports and fast-track minority investments highlight its strategy of addressing critical manufacturing shortages, though relations are unlikely to extend beyond low-level confidence-building measures.

India Cautiously Opens up to Chinese Investment

A digital illustration of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia’s national flags.

Despite having a mutual defense pact with Saudi Arabia, Pakistan will likely only provide the kingdom with low-level defensive and technical support, rather than direct military intervention against Iran, due to various constraints.

In a War With Iran, the Pakistani-Saudi Defense Pact Has Limits 

A Taliban security personnel operating an anti-aircraft gun keeps watch for Pakistani airstrikes near the Torkham border crossing between Afghanistan and Pakistan on Feb. 27 in in Nangarhar province, Afghanistan. The ongoing escalation marks a shift into overt interstate conflict, though the most likely near-term trajectory is a sustained cycle of cross-border strikes and retaliation.

The ongoing escalation marks a shift into overt interstate conflict, though the most likely near-term trajectory is a sustained cycle of cross-border strikes and retaliation.

Afghan-Pakistan Tensions Erupt Into Conflict

A burned-out vehicle along a road on the outskirts of the Pakistani city of Quetta on Feb. 1, 2026, a day after an attack by Baloch separatists. The intensifying insurgency will exacerbate strains on Pakistan's security forces, worsening the country's security challenges and further constraining foreign investment interest.

The intensifying insurgency will exacerbate strains on Pakistan's security forces, worsening the country's security challenges and further constraining foreign investment interest.

With Coordinated Attacks, Pakistan's Baloch Insurgency Intensifies

Nigeria

Colombia

Cuba

Mexico

Venezuela

Greenland

Taiwan

Europe

Norway

Ukraine

Cyber

Russia-Ukraine Conflict

Social Issues

U.S.-China Relations

U.S.-Iran Relations

RANE's Top 10 Risks for 2026 highlights high-impact, low-probability risks and trends from the annual forecast presented in more extreme terms.

RANE's Top 10 Risks for 2026

Benin

Burkina Faso

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Madagascar

Mali

Niger

Rwanda

Canada

Paraguay

Lebanon

Morocco

Palestinian Territories

Qatar

Syria

Australia

Cambodia

Timor-Leste

Indonesia

Japan

Mongolia

Philippines

South Korea

Thailand

Vietnam

Bulgaria

Flight routes.

As 2026 approaches, we look back at the previous year and consider the top five patterns and trends as measured by geopolitical impact.

2025: A Geopolitical Review

Chile

People watch the USS Gravely, a Navy warship, departing the Port of Spain on Oct. 30, 2025. The U.S. warship arrived in Trinidad and Tobago on Oct. 26, 2025, for joint exercises near the coast of Venezuela, as Washington ratcheted up pressure on drug traffickers and Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro.

A look at what the coming week will bring -- and a list of recommended RANE articles from the week that was.

The Weekly Rundown: U.S.-Saudi Meeting, Military Escalation in the Caribbean

Pakistan's armed forces march in the country's National Day parade in Islamabad on March 23, 2024. 

Pakistan's new constitutional amendment threatens to sow political division over growing military powers, a weakening judiciary and reduced civilian oversight.

Pakistan's New Constitutional Amendment Reforms the Military and Judiciary

Pakistan is located in South Asia and is bordered by Iran, Afghanistan, China and India. To the north are the Himalayan Mountains, which branch off into the Hindu Kush range. To the southwest is the vast Balochistan Plateau, which is arid and sparsely populated. In the south is the Thar Desert and a 650-mile coast along the Arabian sea. The Indus River begins in the Tibetan Plateau and cuts through the country’s eastern half.  The river nourishes the fertile plains of the Punjab, the country’s populous core region and its political and economic heartland.    Pakistan’s primary geographic challenge arises from its borders, which do not correspond to natural geographic boundaries. The modern borders of Pakistan were created in 1947, when the nation was carved out of the Muslim-majority northwest and northeast portions of India. The countries have fought three wars since independence, and each claims the territory of Kashmir. Bangladesh, then known as “East Pakistan,” gained independence from Pakistan in 1971 with India’s help.  This reinforced the notion within Pakistan that India was an existential threat. Pakistan has long sought to gain influence in Afghanistan, both to secure strategic depth and to prevent Kabul from falling into New Delhi’s orbit.    On the west, the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan — called the Durand Line — has remained contentious since the British created it in 1893. Kabul claims that Afghanistan’s true boundary runs deep into Pakistan to absorb the Pashtun tribal belt divided between both countries. The mountainous terrain has made the region difficult to govern, ensuring that the border remains porous.  

The India-Pakistan Rivalry

The Politics of Pipelines

South Asian Militancy

Pakistan: A Military With a Country

SITUATION REPORTS

Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Turkey: Governments Sign Mutual Defense Pact

Pakistan: Army Chief Reportedly Leading State Crackdown on Hard-Line Islamist Groups

Sudan: SAF Secures Fresh Pakistani Weaponry, Hinting at Saudi Support

Pakistan: Government Expands Restrictions on Foreign Media Under New Rules

Saudi Arabia: Defense Ministry Announces Maritime Coalition for Red Sea Shipping

Pakistan: Authorities Bolster Security for Mining Project Amid Security Concerns

Pakistan: Foreign Minister Presents Budget

China, Pakistan: Governments Seek To Upgrade CPEC, Gwadar Port

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